
防爆技术遵循全球基本统一的爆炸安全原则。世界各地的国家和地区均实施了各自的防爆设备标准与认证体系,其中部分标准具有全球适用性。
欧洲采用ATEX指令2014/34/EU。该指令是欧盟针对爆炸性环境中使用的设备及防护系统安全制定的法规。
IECEx作为全球认证体系虽不具法律强制性,但在欧盟范围内获得认可,并被澳大利亚、新西兰、新加坡、印度和以色列正式采纳。
在美国,设备必须符合NEC分类标准、满足OSHA工作场所安全规范,并获得UL或FM等认可实验室的认证,方可在危险场所合法使用。
欧亚经济联盟国家(哈萨克斯坦、俄罗斯、白俄罗斯、亚美尼亚、吉尔吉斯斯坦)制定了独立法规——TR CU 012/2011《爆炸性环境中设备安全规范》,为在潜在爆炸环境中运行的电气与非电气设备制定了保障生命、健康、财产及环境安全的强制要求。
因此,在国际项目中确保完全符合所有防爆设备法规至关重要。本文将深入解析ATEX指令与TR CU 012/2011的差异。
尽管这两项技术法规存在诸多重叠和显著相似之处(部分措辞完全一致),但仍存在明显差异,例如:
TR CU 012为采矿领域增设第三级防护等级:PO、PB、PП
TR CU 012未设立与“内部生产控制”(EAC)等效的条款
TR CU 012/2011技术法规未规定制造商声明(EAC声明),而ATEX指令2014/34/EU(模块A——内部生产控制)中包含该要求
在表格中,我们总结了ATEX、TR CU 012/2011和IECEx的关键特征:
Feature ATEX (EU) TR CU 012/2011 (EAEU) IECEx
Targeted Jurisdiction | European Union, obligatory | Eurasian Economic Union (Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan), obligatory | Global (any country that recognizes IECEx), voluntary |
Legal source | Directive 2014/34/EU | Technical Regulation TR CU 012/2011 | IECEx standards |
Application area | Electrical and non-electrical equipment | Electrical and non-electrical equipment | Electrical and non-electrical equipment, Service Facility Scheme, Certification of Personnel Competencies |
Conformity assessment procedure | Manufacturer declaration for Category 3, Notified Bodies (ExNB) for others. | Certificate only via accredited certification body | Certificate only via IECEx Certification Bodies (ExCB) and IECEx Test Labs (ExTL) |
Name of the certificate | EU - Type Examination Certificate | Certificate of conformity | IECEx Certificates of Conformity |
Schemes / Modules | Modules A, B, D, F, C1, E, G depending on equipment category | Schemes 1c, 3c and 4c depending on delivery type – series, single, batch | Single standardized process (product testing and factory audit) |
Marking | CE + Ex | EAC Ex | No special logo. The marking is technical, following the Ex code format from the IEC 60079 standards: "IECEx XXX xx.xxxx" |
Zones / Categories | Zone: Gas: 0, 1, 2; Dust: 20, 21, 22; Group: I, II; Category: 1, 2, 3 | Zone: Gas: 0, 1, 2; Dust: 20, 21, 22; Group: I, II, III; | Zone: Gas: 0, 1, 2; Dust: 20, 21, 22; explosion protection a, b, c |
Quality system audit | QAN/QAR required for category 1 and 2 | Quality system audit required under scheme 1c | Quality system audit required |
Language of documentation | Local EU languages | Russian and local EAEU language | English |
Applicant | Manufacturer or EU authorized representative | Only legal entity within EAEU, manufacturer’s representative | Manufacturer |
Testing body | Notified Bodies | Accredited EAC certification bodies | Accredited IECEx certification bodies |
什么是EAC防爆证书?
欧亚经济联盟(EAEU)的EAC防爆证书是证明产品符合协调技术法规TR CU 012/2011规定要求的官方文件。该证书证明设备或系统具备在承受爆炸影响(包括冲击和高温)时保持完好无损并持续正常运行的能力。
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